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What will you do first if you see a person becoming unconscious? You may check whether he is breathing, or you may check his pulse or for any body movements. If you see any of these movements (breathing or pulse or body movements), you can decide that the person is alive. So, we have a notion that a living organism is alive if it has a movement.
An organism's movement is the act of moving in such a way that a change in position or posture occurs.
Movement in plants
Germination of a plant
Seed germinates and grows into a plant by pushing the soil aside. If there is no growth of the plant, there will be no movement of it. In plants, movement indicates the plant's growth, whereas, in animals, movement is not solely for growth.
Movement in animals
Migration of Wildebeests in Africa
Imagine you are touching a hot pot with bare hands. You will immediately remove your hands from it. If a dog chases a cat. Cat will run fast to save its life. So, in animals, movement will happen due to environmental changes. These environmental changes may be favourable or unfavourable.
For example, blue wildebeest, an African animal, migrate around 2000 km due to their unfavourable environmental conditions. They follow the rains to get food and water. More than \(1.5\) million wildebeests migrate from Serengeti in Tanzania to the Masai Mara in Kenya.
On the other hand, carnivores like lions and crocodiles have favourable conditions during the wildebeest migration. They move towards these herds to hunt the wildebeests and get their food.
Controlled movements
Tiger during a hunt
Controlled movements are movements in which the power is restrained and regulated which subsequently influences the speed and acceleration of the movements.
Have you ever seen the movement of a tiger during a hunt? It carefully controls every step of the movement, so that the prey won't notice the tiger's approach towards it. Similarly, if you run fast, your heart will beat more quickly, and lung muscles expand and contracts faster and if you walk slowly, your heart will beat normal, and lung expand and contract at normal rate.
From the above examples, we can say, controlling movements is essential for any living organism, both voluntarily and involuntarily, to make an appropriate movement if there is a change in the environmental condition.
Coordination of movements
Coordination of movement means the movement of organs or muscles of the body together to achieve action efficiently.
If you run fast, your muscles need more energy, and to get more energy, blood flow in the muscle has to be high. So, the heart will beat faster, and the lungs will contract and expand fast to diffuse more oxygen in the blood.
All these activities have to be coordinated simultaneously to perform the body's functions (in this case, it is running).
So, coordination of movements is also very important to do the required function by an organism.
In multicellular organisms, controlled and coordinated movements are provided by systems with specialised tissues.
Reference:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wildebeest_Migration_in_Serengeti_National_Park,_Tanzania.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hunting_tiger.JPG
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Sunflower_growing_time_lapse.gif
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