PUMPA - SMART LEARNING

எங்கள் ஆசிரியர்களுடன் 1-ஆன்-1 ஆலோசனை நேரத்தைப் பெறுங்கள். டாப்பர் ஆவதற்கு நாங்கள் பயிற்சி அளிப்போம்

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The mechanism of photosynthesis takes places two sequential stages:
  1. The light dependent reactions and
  2. The light-independent reactions (C3 cycle or Calvin cycle)
Figure_08_01_06.jpg
Mechanism of photosynthesis
1. Light dependent reactions:
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Light reactions
  • Light-dependent processes occur in the thylakoid membrane and require a constant source of light energy.
  • The light-dependent processes overall goal is to transform light energy into chemical energy. The Calvin cycle will use this chemical energy to fuel the construction of sugar molecules.
  • These reactions start in a photosystem II, which is a collection of pigment molecules and proteins.
  • A photon of light travels to hits a chlorophyll molecule. An electron in chlorophyll "excited" as a result of the photon hit. The electron is given enough energy to liberate from one of the chlorophyll molecule's atoms. As a result, chlorophyll is said to "donate" one electron.
  • In order to replace this electron in the chlorophyll, the water molecule is split, releasing oxygen and hydrogen electrons (refer to the previous theory).
  • The energy absorbed by the chlorophyll is converted and stored as chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH (electron carrier molecule).
    All the electrons emitted in the light-dependent reactions are carried to photosystem II by a set of electron carriers (will be discussed in higher classes). The ATP and NADPH synthesized are also passed to the photosystem II.
  • This whole process of electrons or energy transfers from one photosystem to another photosystem in the form of a Z symbol and is known as the Z-scheme.
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The Z scheme of Photosystems
  
2. Light independent reactions:
Hill_reaction_4.png
Calvin cycle
  • These are the reactions that take place in the stroma and do not directly require light.
  • Instead, these reactions use ATP and NADPH, electrons formed in the light-dependent reaction to reduce carbon dioxide into glucose.
  • In this process, ATP is broken down to release energy, and the NADPH donates its electrons to convert carbon dioxide molecules into sugars.
  • This is also known as the Calvin cycle and includes a series of reactions discussed in your higher classes.
  • All the plants which undergo this C3 cycle are known as C3 plants.
Reference:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Figure_08_01_06.jpg
https://physicscatalyst.com/biology/photosynthesis-in-higher-plants.php
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Hill_reaction_4.png
https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-biology-advanced-concepts/section/5.4/