10. Short answers questions II

 

Humans have \(46\)\(23\) chromosomes. Out of these \(23\) pairs, \(22\)\(21\) are autosomes, and the 23rd pair is the autosomessex chromosome, which actively participates in the sex determination process. Males and females both have two sets of sex chromosomes. Males have sex chromosome, both of which are active. Females have two \(X\)\(Y\) sex chromosomes, one of which is active.

 

a. Okazaki fragments are the long segmentsshort segments of deoxyribonucleotides.

 

b. Okazaki fragments are formed at the leading strandlagging strand during replication.

 

c. DNA fragments are linked by the enzyme called ligasehelicase.

 

 

Euploidy is a condition in which an individual has more than one diploidhaploidchromosome. It is utilised in horticulture and plant breeding. It contributes to the economy by producing large-sizedsmall-sized flowers and fruits. It has a significant impact on the evolutiondevelopment of new species.