PUMPA - SMART LEARNING

எங்கள் ஆசிரியர்களுடன் 1-ஆன்-1 ஆலோசனை நேரத்தைப் பெறுங்கள். டாப்பர் ஆவதற்கு நாங்கள் பயிற்சி அளிப்போம்

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Hormonal methods:
Hormonal preparations are in the form of pills or tablets (contraceptive pills). Only females can use these pills. The pills contain either be progesterone or progesterone-estrogen combination.
 
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Hormonal pills
  
The hormones acts by:
  
aStopping ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovary)
 
b. Inhibits implantation by altering the uterine endometrium
 
c. Alters the quality of cervical mucus to prevent the entry of sperms
 
d. Inhibits the motility and secretory activities of fallopian tubes
 
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Statistics of the usage of birth control pills
Intra-Uterine Devices (IUDs):
Intra-uterine devices (IUD) are contraceptive devices inserted into the uterus. These devices are used only by the female. Doctors or expert nurses insert these into the uterus through the vagina. There are three synthetic devices commonly used in India, which include:
 
1. Non-medicated IUDs, which include Lippe's loop
 
2. Copper releasing IUDs or Copper-T
 
3. Hormone releasing IUDs
  
Lippe's loop is made of inert plastic, and Copper-T is made of copper that is non-irritant.
 
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Lippe's loop
 
These IUDs can remain inside the female's reproductive tract for \(3\)years. These reduce the sperm fertilizing capacity, suppress sperm motility and prevents implantation (by making the cervix hostile to the sperms). This also helps to give adequate time intervals between pregnancies.
 
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The Copper-T tube inside the female reproductive tract
Surgical methods:
Sterilization / surgical contraception are terminal methods that prevent any pregnancy. The method blocks the gamete transport and thus prevents fertilization. Sterilization procedure in the male is known as vasectomy (ligation of vas deferens).
 
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Vasectomy
 
In females, it is known as tubectomy (ligation of fallopian tubes).
 
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Tubectomy
  
A video on the different contraceptive methods:
  
Reference:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Pilule_contraceptive.jpg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/washington_area_spark/8384238867
https://www.flickr.com/photos/mitopencourseware/4796306235
https://www.flickr.com/photos/_graphs/4638356573
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vasectomy_diagram-en.svg
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/tubal-ligation-surgery-permanent-birth-control-1564623988
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ziSKvk93kPw