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1. How does pH play an important role in everyday life?
  • Blood has a pH of almost . Any change in this value causes diseases.
  • Citrus fruits require slightly , whereas rice and sugarcane require  and , respectively.
  • Acid rain occurs when the pH of rainwater falls below , which is harmful in everyday life.
  • pH changes cause tooth decay.
  • The stomach produces too much during indigestion, causing pain and irritation.
2. What is a chemical equilibrium? What are its characteristics?
 
Chemical equilibrium is a state of a  reaction in which the forward and backward rates of reaction are .
There is no change in the amount of reactants or products.
 
Characteristics of equilibrium:
  • The rates of forward and backward reactions are in a chemical equilibrium.
    The system's observable properties, such as pressure, concentration, colour, density, and viscosity, remain constant throughout time.
  • Even though it appears static from the outside, the chemical equilibrium is a dynamic equilibrium because both forward and backward reactions continue to take place.
  • The volume of all phases is constant in .