19. Answer in detail II

The word "Antibiotic" is derived from the Greek words "anti", which means "in favour ofagainst," and "bios", which means "life". A substance produced by living organisms that are toxic to other organisms is known as an antibodyantibiotic. The penicillin was initially discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander FlemingEdward Jenner. The antibiotic penicillin was obtained from the fungi Aspergillus nigerPenicillium chrysogenum. Penicillin is used to treat various diseases such as tetanus and diphtheria.  Streptomycinampicillin. is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces bacteria and is used to treat various bacterial infections. E.g: Plague.

 

Vaccines are made from microorganisms that are deadweakeneddead or weakened. Edward JennerSir Alexander Fleming was the first to discover a vaccine for chickenpoxsmallpox. He was the one who invented the term vaccination. When a vaccine is injected into a patient's body, the bodies produce antibodies to fight the germs. These antibodies remain in the body and protect against future germ invasion. Hence, vaccination is also known as immunisation. For example, the MMR vaccineBCG vaccine protects against Measles, Mumps, and Rubella. Tuberculosis Tetanus is prevented by the BCG (Bacille Calmette Guerin) vaccine.