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What is permanent hardness of water? How can it be removed?
The hardness due to the presence of chloride and sulphate salts of and magnesium is known as the permanent hardness of water.
Removal of hardness:
a. Adding washing soda
Washing soda is used to remove permanent hardness of water. It converts chlorides and sulphates into . These are removed by .
b. Distillation
can be removed by the distillation method. The water obtained after distillation is called distilled water.
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