11. Answer briefly I

1. How was it shown that atom has empty space?

 

Rutherford conducted an experiment in which he bombarded a thin silver foilgold foilaluminium foil with particles, which are very small positively charged particles called neutronsbeta particlesalpha particles. He observed that most of the neutronsbeta particlesalpha particles passed straight through the foil. He inferred by thin experiment that most of the space in the atom is empty.

 

2. Why do \(_{17}\textrm{Cl}^{35}\) and \(_{17}\textrm{Cl}^{37}\) have the same chemical properties? In what respect do these atoms differ?

 

\(_{17}\textrm{Cl}^{35}\) and \(_{17}\textrm{Cl}^{37}\) have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of neutronselectronsprotons but their atoms differ in the number of protonselectronsneutrons.