PUMPA - SMART LEARNING
எங்கள் ஆசிரியர்களுடன் 1-ஆன்-1 ஆலோசனை நேரத்தைப் பெறுங்கள். டாப்பர் ஆவதற்கு நாங்கள் பயிற்சி அளிப்போம்
Book Free DemoThe formation of urine is by three processes as follows:
- Glomerular filtration
- Tubular reabsorption
- Tubular secretion
1. Glomerular filtration:
The filtration of blood through the epithelial walls of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule is the first step in the production of urine. This filtrate produced is known as glomerular filtrate. In this step both the essential and non-essential substances present in the blood are filtered.
Glucose, amino acids, vitamins, sodium, potassium, bicarbonates, and water are some of the essential substances that are found in the proximal convoluted tubule. These substances are absorbed back into the blood by a process of selective reabsorption.
3. Tubular secretion:
Substances such as ions are secreted into the tubule. This final tubular filtrate is hypertonic in man and is known as urine. Finally, urine enters the pelvic collecting ducts before passing through the ureter and into the urinary bladder. When the urinary bladder is full the urine is expelled out through the urethra. This is known as micturition.
Important!
Two healthy kidneys have about \(2\) million nephrons in total, filtering about \(170-180\) litres of blood every day. Just \(1\)% of the blood filtered becomes urine, while the kidneys reabsorb and redistribute \(99\)% of the blood content. Thus \(1-2\) litres of urine are excreted every day by a healthy person.
A quick recall of urine formation:
Dialysis or Artificial kidney
When the kidney's filtering ability deteriorates, the body accumulates an unnecessary amount of fluid and toxic wastes. This condition is known as kidney (renal) failure. Hence, an artificial kidney is used to filter the patient's blood in such cases.
The patient is said to be on dialysis, and haemodialysis is purifying blood using an artificial kidney. When renal failure cannot be treated by drug or dialysis, the patients are advised for kidney transplantation.
Important!
The first kidney transplant was done between identical twinsRonald and Richard Herrick by Joseph E. Murray and his colleagues at Boston's Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in \(1954\). But the recipient Richard Herrick died after \(8\)years of transplantation.
The process of artificial kidney
Reference:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Hemodialysis-en.svg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Implantable-artificial-kidney-patients-off-dialysis-machines.jpg
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