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Proper fraction:
A proper fraction is a fraction in which the absolute value of numerator (top number) is smaller than the absolute value of denominator (bottom number).
 
It is represented as, \(p / q\); \(q ≠ 0\) and \(|p|< |q|\), where \(p\) is the numerator, \(q\) is the denominator.
Negative proper fraction:
A negative proper fraction will have a negative sign either in numerator or denominator.
 
It can be represented as −pqorp−qwhereq≠0and|p|<|q|
Example:
−916; where \(p = -9\), \(q = 16 ≠ 0\) and \(|-9| < |16|\)
Positive proper fraction:
A positive proper fraction will have a positive sign in both numerator and denominator.
 
It can be represented as pqorpqwhereq≠0and|p|<|q|
Example:
45; \(p = 4\), \(q = 5 ≠ 0\) and \(|4| < |5|\)
Improper fractions:
Fractions where the numerator (the top number) is greater than or equal to the denominator (the bottom number). It is represented as pq; \(q ≠ 0\) and \(|p| ≥ |q|\); where \(p\) is the numerator, \(q\) is the denominator.
Example:
31, 42,132   
Positive improper fraction:
A positive improper fraction will have a positive sign in both numerator and denominator and the value of a positive improper fraction will always be equal or greater than \(1\).
 
It can be represented as pq;whereq≠0and|p|≥|q|
Example:
1/1=15/3=1.6>19/8=1.125>1
Negative improper fraction:
A negative improper fraction will have a negative sign in either numerator or denominator and the value of a negative improper fraction will always be equal or greater than \(-1\).
 
It can be represented as, −pq orp−q;whereq≠0and|p|≥|q|
Example:
−6/3=−2<−1−9/5=−1.8<−1−2/1=−2<−1
Important!
All the mixed fractions (234,638) and integers (\(-1\), \(3\), \(7\)) are improper fractions.