5. Methods to calculate the standard deviation of ungrouped data

The standard deviation of an ungrouped data can be calculated using one of the following methods:

Let \(x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3}, … , x_{n}\) be the given data for \(n\) observations.

 

Then, the formula to calculate the standard deviation by direct method is given by:

 

\(\sigma = \sqrt{\frac{\sum x_{i}^{2}}{n}- \left(\frac{\sum x_{i}}{n}\right)^2}\)

Let \(x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3}, … , x_{n}\) be the given data for \(n\) observations.

 

And, \(\overline{x}\) is the mean of the \(n\) observations.

 

Then, the formula to calculate the standard deviation by mean method is given by:

 

If the mean of the given data is not an integer, then use the assumed mean method to find the standard deviation.

 

Let \(x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3}, … , x_{n}\) be the given data and \(\overline{x}\) be its mean.

 

Let \(d_{i}\) be the deviation of each observation \(x_{i}\) from the assumed mean \(A\) where \(A\) is the middle most value of the given data. That is, \(d_{i} = x_{i} - A\).

 

Then, the formula to calculate the standard deviation by assumed mean method is given by:

 

\(\sigma = \sqrt{\frac{\sum d_{i}^{2}}{n}- \left(\frac{\sum d_{i}}{n}\right)^2}\)

Let \(x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3}, … , x_{n}\) be the given data and \(A\) is its assumed mean.

 

Let \(c\) be the common divisor of \(x_{i} - A\).

 

Let \(d_{i} = \frac{x_{i} - A}{c}\).

 

Then, the formula to calculate the standard deviation by step deviation method is given by:

 

\(\sigma = c \times \sqrt{\frac{\sum d_{i}^{2}}{n}- \left(\frac{\sum d_{i}}{n}\right)^2}\)