9. Sexually transmitted diseases by virus II

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome is a disease (AIDS) caused by the pathogen HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). It is a retrovirus and was first recognised in Haiti (USA) in \(1981\). In India, the first confirmed evidence of AIDS infection was reported in April \(1986\) from Tamil Nadu.
There are many vaccination trials conducted across the world to prevent the AIDS. The most prominent one is the RV \(144\) vaccine trial which shows \(30%\) reduced HIV risk. This trial was conducted in Thailand in \(2003\), and reports were presented in \(2011\).

 

Causative organism:\(AIDS\) is caused by a retrovirus (RNA virus) known as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

 

Mode of transmission: It is transmitted through,

Tissues/Organs affected: The immune system plays a vital role in fighting against infections in human body. Human Immunodeficiency Virus mainly attacks the white blood cells or lymphocytes (T-lymphocytes), acting as the body's immune system or self-defence mechanism. Over time, HIV weakens the body's immune system, so it has a tough time-fighting disease.

Some of the important symptoms are,

 
• Disposable syringes and needles should be used.
• Protected and safe sexual contact.
• Screening of blood before blood transfusion.
• Avoid sharing shaving blades/razors.
• People should be educated about \(AIDS\) transmission.