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a) Ecological or Natural Causes of Migration
Buildings damaged in Earthquake
These events seriously affect residents' lives and force the people to leave their native places and settle in new and safer areas. These migrants look for conditions like the availability of water resources, areas free from hazards, pollution etc., to settle.
b) Economic causes of Migration
The availability of fertile land for cultivation, employment opportunities, business opportunities, development of technology etc., are some of the economic causes that attract migration. Persistent poverty, poor living conditions, and unemployment force people to move out from their native places to places with better employment opportunities.
According to the World Migration Report 2020, released by the International Organization for Migration, as of June 2019, the number of international migrants was estimated to be around \(272\) million globally, \(51\ \)million more than in 2010. Nearly 2/3rd were migrants.
International migrants comprised around\(\ 3.5\) per cent of the global population in \(2019\ \)compared to \(2.8\) per cent in \(2000\ \)and \(2.3\) per cent in \(1980\).
Share of Regions in World population and International Migrants by Origin - 2017
S.No. | Name of the region | Total Population | Percentage of global population | International migrants by origin | Percentage of International migrants |
| 1. | Africa | 1,256,268 | 16.6 | 36,266 | 14.1 |
| 2. | Asia | 4,504,428 | 59.7 | 105,684 | 41.0 |
| 3. | Europe | 742,074 | 9.8 | 61,191 | 23.7 |
| 4. | Latin America and the Caribbean | 645,593 | 8.6 | 37,720 | 14.6 |
| 5. | North America | 361,208 | 4.8 | 4,413 | 1.7 |
| 6. | Oceania | 40,691 | 0.5 | 1,880 | 0.7 |
| 7. | Unknown | n/a | n/a | 10,560 | 4.1 |
| 8. | World | 7,550,262 | 100.0 | 257,715 | 100.0 |
Source: International migration report, 2017, United Nations
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