PDF chapter test TRY NOW
Before studying the experiments of Mendel, it is better to know the below terminologies and symbols related to the topic of genetics.
Genome and gene pool
Genome
The term "genome" refers to a complete set of chromosomes in which each gene/chromosome is represented singly. Haploid cells have a single genome, diploid cells have two, and polyploid cells have many.
Human genome to genes
Gene pool
A gene pool is a collection of all the genes and alleles found in an interbreeding population.
Karyotype, locus, allelomorphs and homologous chromosomes
Karyotype
A karyotype is the collection of chromosomes that makes up an individual. The term also refers to a laboratory technique that produces an image of an individual's chromosomes. The karyotype is used to check for abnormal chromosomal numbers or structures.
Human karyotype
Locus
Locus is the region of the chromosome in which the gene is located.
Gene locus
Homologous chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that are identical in size, shape, and gene set. Allelic genes occupy the same loci in homologous chromosomes.
Homologous chromosomes
Allelomorphs
Alleles or allelomorphs are two genes that occur in the same locus on two homologous chromosomes and control the expression of a trait or character. Each gene is made up of an allelomorphic pair. E.g., \(T-T\) and \(t-t\).
Alleles for tall and dwarf
Homozygous and heterozygous
Homozygous and heterozygous
Homozygous
A homozygous organism has identical alleles of a character's genes—for example, \(TT\), \(RR\), and \(tt\).
Heterozygous
An organism with dissimilar alleles of a character's genes is heterozygous—for example, \(Tt\), \(Rr\), and \(Yy\).
A video explaining the homozygous and heterozygous alleles
Reference:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Human_genome_to_genes.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gene_Loci_and_Alleles.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Chromosome_Terminology.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gene_Loci_and_Alleles.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Chromosome_Terminology.png
Register for free to see more content